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Constipation is defined as either a decrease in the frequency of bowel movements or the painful passage of bowel movements. Children 1 to 4 years of age typically have a bowel movement once or twice a day, and over 90% go at least every other day.

Constipation is defined as either a decrease in the frequency of bowel movements, or the painful passage of bowel movements, which can lead to the loss of control over bowel movements and soiling.

Constipation is either a decrease in the frequency of bowel movements or the painful passage of bowel movements. Children 1–4 years of age typically have a bowel movement 1–2 times a day, and more than 90% of children have a bowel movement every day or every other day. Children that have a bowel movement every

Constipation is either a decrease in the frequency of bowel movements or the painful passage of bowel movements. Children 1–4 years of age typically have a bowel movement 1–2 times a day, and more than 90% of children have a bowel movement every day or every other day. Children that have a bowel movement every

Download What is Constipation – English Download What is Constipation – Spanish Download What is Constipation – French What is constipation? Constipation is defined as either a decreased frequency of bowel movements or painful passage of bowel movements. Children 1–4 years of age typically have a bowel movement 1–4 times a day. If not daily,

The NASPGHAN Foundation is providing a guide on all of our Constipation resources developed by NASPGHAN, CPNP and APGNN.

Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) is a rare but serious cause of severe constipation and/or intestinal blockage in infants. Rarely, older children and adolescents who have severe constipation are diagnosed with HD. Infants with this condition are missing a type of nerve cell called ganglion cells in part of their intestine (usually the colon, or large intestine).

Resources for Constipation Care in Children. Constipation is defined as either a decrease in the frequency of bowel movements or the painful passage of bowel movements.

Download What is Constipation and Fecal Soiling – English Download What is Constipation and Fecal Soiling – Spanish Download What is Constipation and Fecal Soiling – French What is constipation and fecal soiling? Constipation is defined as either a decreased frequency of bowel movements or painful passage of bowel movements. Children 1–4 years of age

Treatment of constipation varies according to the source of the problem and the child’s age and personality. Some children may only require changes in diet such as an increase in fiber, fresh fruits, or in the amount of water they drink each day.

Download Constipation Care Package – English Download Constipation Care Package – Spanish Download Constipation Care Package – French

A Sitz marker study is a test for chronic constipation in adults and children at least two years of age.  Learn why this study might be indicated and the steps for the procedure here.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a pain- predominant functional gastrointestinal disorder (p-FGID). p-FGIDs are “disorders of the gut-brain interaction” in which the brain signals and gastrointestinal (GI) tract are miscommunicating. This miscommunication can cause a variety of GI symptoms, with pain being a primary complaint. People with IBS experience chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel

Short bowel syndrome (SBS), or “short gut”, is a condition in which part of the small intestine is missing or does not function properly. This makes it hard for the digestive tract to absorb nutrients from food.

A Colonoscopy is a test in which a doctor looks directly into the last part if the intestines with a narrow bendable tube mounted with a camera to find out why kids have diarrhea, bleeding and stomach pain

Download Nutrition in Constipation in the First 12 months – English Download Nutrition in Constipation in the First 12 months – Spanish Download Nutrition in Constipation in the First 12 months – French Age of child: Birth–6 months Foods to offer Breast milk or infant formula Foods to Avoid? Do not switch to a low-iron

La colite ulcéreuse (CU) est une inflammation de la muqueuse du côlon. La CU est l’une des principales formes de maladies inflammatoires de l’intestin (MII). Il est parfois difficile de déterminer si une personne est atteinte de la CU ou de la maladie de Crohn, une autre forme de MII. Le côlon, ou gros intestin,

A polyp is a small growth of extra tissue that forms from the lining of the intestine. Sometimes there may be no symptoms when the polyp is small.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is inflammation of the lining of the colon. UC is one of the major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is sometimes hard to determine whether a person has UC or Crohn’s disease, another form of IBD. The colon, or large intestine, makes up the last few feet of the digestive

Crohn’s disease is one of the most common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is associated with inflammation of the digestive tract. The digestive tract runs from the mouth to the anus and includes the stomach and both small and large intestines. Inflammation can irritate deeper layers of digestive tissue as well as the

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestines that does not have an identifiable cause (such as infection). Pediatric IBD causes the immune system to become inappropriately active, causing injury to the intestines.

A Colonoscopy is a test in which a doctor looks directly into the last part if the intestines with a narrow bendable tube mounted with a camera to find out why children have diarrhea, bleeding and stomach pain. Download the GIKids Colonoscopy Fact Sheet to why your child may need a colonoscopy, how to prepare for a colonoscopy and what to expect after a colonoscopy.

Download Fluid and Fiber – English Download Fluid and Fiber – Spanish Download Fluid and Fiber – French Fiber is normally ingested in the diet, and part of fiber cannot be broken down. A diet rich in fiber produces soft and more frequent stool and can help with constipation. There are two types of fiber,

A Sitz marker study is a helpful way to evaluate chronic constipation.

How Nutrition, Fiber and Fluids Affect Constipation in Infants and Children. If your newborn is experiencing constipation in their first 12 months, it’s important that you follow a diet plan that can help to relieve some of your child’s symptoms. Good foods to give your child, and which foods you should avoid feeding your child, differ dependent on age.

A contrast enema study is a type of imaging to look at the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract (the large intestine, also known as the colon).

Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile or C. diff) is a bacterium that is normally present in the body in small numbers. However, disruption of the body’s normal balance of bacteria can allow C. difficile to grow and cause infection, resulting in diarrhea. C. difficile produce a toxin. Therefore, infection with these bacteria causes colitis, or inflammation

Short bowel syndrome (SBS), or “short gut”, is a condition in which part of the small intestine is missing or does not function properly. This makes it hard for the digestive tract to absorb nutrients from food.

Short bowel syndrome (SBS), or “short gut”, is a condition in which part of the small intestine is missing or does not function properly. This makes it hard for the digestive tract to absorb nutrients from food.

Yoga originated in ancient India as a spiritual practice and is used worldwide today for exercise and well-being.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a disease that mainly affects the ducts that drain bile from the liver to the intestines (called the biliary tree). In PSC, these bile ducts are inflamed and narrow, preventing bile from flowing out of the liver. This can damage the bile ducts and the liver due to buildup of

Diarrhea is any increase in stooling frequency and/or water content (consistency) that differs from a child’s baseline.

La maladie de Crohn est l’une des formes les plus courantes des maladies inflammatoires de l’intestin (MII). Elle est liée à une inflammation de l’appareil digestif. L’appareil digestif va de la bouche à l’anus et comprend l’estomac, l’intestin grêle et le gros intestin. Une inflammation peut irriter les couches plus profondes du tissu digestif ainsi

Toddler’s diarrhea is also called chronic nonspecific diarrhea of childhood. It affects children from 6 months to 5 years of age. Children with toddler’s diarrhea can have 3 to 10 loose stools per day. These stools usually occur during the day when the child is awake and sometimes immediately after eating. The stool is frequently

Are sleep problems and gastrointestinal problems related? Rest is important to help our bodies work properly. Too little sleep can make our bodies sick and can make it difficult to learn and grow. Kids who have poor sleep may experience gastrointestinal (GI) problems. This can include feeling belly pains or other symptoms. Learn more here.

Gallstones are small, stone-like objects that form when the liquid in the gallbladder hardens.

Colic is defined as episodes of inconsolable crying and fussiness in infants 1–4 months of age. While fussiness is typical in normally developing infants, those who experience colic have more intense and frequent episodes. Crying occurs without any obvious cause. Fits of crying tend to occur in the late afternoon or evening, but many infants

La colitis ulcerosa (CU) es la inflamación del revestimiento del colon. La CU es una de las formas principales de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII). A veces es difícil determinar si una persona padece CU o enfermedad de Crohn, otra forma de EII. El colon, o intestino grueso, conforma los últimos metros del tracto digestivo. El

People with FD may experience heartburn, fullness after a meal or before finishing a meal, nausea after meals, excessive belching, and pain, burning, or bloating in the upper abdomen.

Necrotizing enterocolitis, also referred to as NEC, is a serious gastrointestinal condition primarily affecting infants that involves inflammation and sometimes infection of the intestines, which can lead to death of the tissue (called necrosis).

The gastrointestinal (GI) system consists of the GI tract and GI glands. The GI tract is essentially a tube that processes the foods and liquids we ingest. The GI tract is divided into different parts, beginning in the mouth, followed by the esophagus (food pipe), stomach, small intestine (small bowel), and large intestine (colon or

Polyps are tissue growths that extend out from the lining of the gastrointestinal system.

Gallstones are small, stone-like objects that form when the liquid in the gallbladder hardens.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a disease that mainly affects the ducts that drain bile from the liver to the intestines (called the biliary tree).

Polyps are tissue growths that extend out from the lining of the gastrointestinal system. They may occur in the stomach, small intestine, or large intestine (colon). Most commonly, polyps are found in the colon. To learn more about the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of polyps in children, download the GIKids Fact Sheet on Polyps.

People with FD may experience heartburn, fullness after a meal or before finishing a meal, nausea after meals, excessive belching, and pain, burning, or bloating in the upper abdomen.

Diarrhea is one of the most common illnesses in children and is a common reason for doctor visits. If diarrhea lasts less than one week, it is considered acute; diarrhea that lasts longer than one week is considered chronic. Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools per day and/or an increase in their

Everyone has gas in their stomach and intestine. Air gets there mainly by being swallowed. The air that is swallowed and not removed by belching will pass through the digestive tract and eventually pass as gas from the rectum.

Everyone has gas in their stomach and intestine. Air gets there mainly by being swallowed. The air that is swallowed and not removed by belching will pass through the digestive tract and eventually pass as gas from the rectum.

What is gastroparesis? Gastroparesis affects how the stomach empties food into the small intestine after eating. In this disorder, food exits the stomach into the intestine very slowly. This can lead to bothersome symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, feeling full very quickly, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Why do kids get gastroparesis? There are multiple

A Capsule endoscopy is a simple test which your doctor will consider doing to look for bleeding or other conditions occurring in a part of the small intestine that cannot be investigated with a standard endoscope. Learn more about capsule endoscopy in children by downloading these educational materials.

Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) information and resources

Qu’est-ce qu’une transplantation de l’intestin grêle ? La transplantation de l’intestin grêle est une intervention chirurgicale pratiquée lorsque l’intestin grêle ne fonctionne plus correctement, menaçant gravement la vie de la personne. Le chirurgien remplace les parties manquantes ou endommagées de l’intestin par des intestins sains provenant d’une autre personne. Cela comprend l’intestin grêle et au

A rare, inherited disorder caused by the inability of the body to properly excrete copper, Wilson’s Disease affects 1 out of 30,000 individuals.  Learn more here.

La enfermedad de Crohn es una de las formas más comunes de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII). Se asocia con la inflamación del tracto digestivo. El tracto digestivo va desde la boca hasta el ano e incluye el estómago y los intestinos delgado y grueso. La inflamación puede irritar las capas más profundas del tejido digestivo,

Necrotizing enterocolitis, also referred to as NEC, is a serious gastrointestinal condition primarily affecting infants that involves inflammation and sometimes infection of the intestines, which can lead to death of the tissue (called necrosis).

Gallstones are small, stone-like objects that form when the liquid in the gallbladder hardens.

Too little sleep can make our bodies sick and can make it difficult to learn and grow.

Functional abdominal pain refers to stomach aches, usually around the belly button, that commonly occur in school-age children. Most otherwise healthy children who repeatedly complain of stomach aches for two months or longer have functional abdominal pain. The term “functional” indicates that there is no blockage, inflammation, or infection causing the discomfort. However, the pain

A FODMAP diet is a multi-step nutrition planning and learning process that can help people diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).  Learn what FODMAP foods can trigger symptoms, how to test for and manage symptoms and learn if a FODMAP diet may be right for your child here.

¿Qué es la gastroparesia? La gastroparesia afecta la forma en que el estómago vacía los alimentos hacia el intestino delgado después de comer. Este trastorno, causa que los alimentos pasen con mucha lentitud del estómago hacia el intestino. Esto puede provocar síntomas molestos como náuseas, vómitos, sensación de llenura muy rápida, dolor abdominal y pérdida

A contrast enema study is a type of imaging to look at the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract (the large intestine, also known as the colon).

La colestasis neonatal es una afección en infantes en la cual se interrumpe el flujo biliar del hígado. La bilis es una sustancia entre verde-oscura y amarilla-café producida por las células del hígado. La bilis fluye del hígado a los conductos biliares y hacia el intestino para ayudar a la digestión. La bilis se almacena

A small bowel transplant is considered for children who have intestinal problems because they were born with certain conditions, had surgeries, or face other issues that make it difficult for their intestines to function properly. 

Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a condition where the esophagus becomes swollen, making it difficult to swallow. Sometimes food can even become stuck in the throat. To learn more about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in children, download the GIKids Guide to Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE).

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a disease that mainly affects the ducts that drain bile from the liver to the intestines (called the biliary tree).

A polyp is a small growth of extra tissue that forms from the lining of the intestine. Sometimes there may be no symptoms when the polyp is small.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a disease that mainly affects the ducts that drain bile from the liver to the intestines (called the biliary tree).

Gastroschisis is a birth defect that creates an opening in the abdominal wall, allowing the intestines to protrude outside of the abdomen.

Reflux occurs during or after a meal when the stomach contents go back up into the esophagus (the tube connecting the mouth to the stomach).

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestines that does not have an identifiable cause (such as infection). Pediatric IBD causes the immune system to become inappropriately active, causing injury to the intestines.

A contrast enema study is a type of imaging to look at the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract (the large intestine, also known as the colon).

Lactose intolerance is a fairly common condition. Although it can occur at any age, lactose intolerance typically starts in school age children or during the teenage years.

Upper Endoscopy is when the doctor uses a flexible tube with a camera and light to look at the throat, stomach and upper intestine to see what is causing stomach pain, diarrhea or other problems. To learn more about the use of upper endoscopy in children, download the GIKids Fact sheet on Upper Endoscopy.

Des douleurs abdominales fonctionnelles désignent des maux d’estomac, généralement autour du nombril, qui surviennent fréquemment chez les enfants d’âge scolaire. La plupart des enfants, par ailleurs en bonne santé, qui se plaignent régulièrement de maux d’estomac pendant deux mois ou plus souffrent de douleurs abdominales fonctionnelles. Le terme “fonctionnel” indique qu’il n’y a pas de

Des douleurs abdominales fonctionnelles désignent des maux d’estomac, généralement autour du nombril, qui surviennent fréquemment chez les enfants d’âge scolaire. La plupart des enfants, par ailleurs en bonne santé, qui se plaignent régulièrement de maux d’estomac pendant deux mois ou plus souffrent de douleurs abdominales fonctionnelles. Le terme “fonctionnel” indique qu’il n’y a pas de

People with FD may experience heartburn, fullness after a meal or before finishing a meal, nausea after meals, excessive belching, and pain, burning, or bloating in the upper abdomen.

A polyp is a small growth of extra tissue that forms from the lining of the intestine. Sometimes there may be no symptoms when the polyp is small.

Everyone has gas in their stomach and intestine. Air gets there mainly by being swallowed. The air that is swallowed and not removed by belching will pass through the digestive tract and eventually pass as gas from the rectum.

Diarrhea is any increase in stooling frequency and/or water content (consistency) that differs from a child’s baseline.

Neonatal cholestasis is a condition in infants where bile flow from the liver is disrupted. Bile is a dark-green to yellowish-brown fluid made by liver cells. Bile flows from the liver into bile ducts and into the intestine to help digestion. Bile also is stored in the gallbladder. Cholestasis occurs either when there is liver

Clinical hypnosis is a research-proven medical treatment used for many years. It relies on a deeply focused mental state, which helps open people’s minds to helpful ideas and suggestions.

Necrotizing enterocolitis, also referred to as NEC, is a serious gastrointestinal condition primarily affecting infants that involves inflammation and sometimes infection of the intestines, which can lead to death of the tissue (called necrosis).

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a group of rare genetic diseases in which the flow of bile from the liver is disrupted.

Diarrhea is any increase in stooling frequency and/or water content (consistency) that differs from a child’s baseline.

Nausea is an uneasiness and/or discomfort of the stomach that causes an involuntary urge to vomit. Nausea does not always lead to vomiting. It is a nonspecific symptom and therefore can occur in many conditions. Nausea is a symptom that can be associated with many conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to: motion

Les polypes sont des excroissances tissulaires qui s’étendent à partir de la paroi du système gastro-intestinal.

A food intolerance is a reaction to certain ingredients (such as gluten or sugar) found in foods. Food intolerances are not food allergies.

Coping with Your Baby’s Reflux or GERD. New parenthood is always a stressful time, but if you have a baby with severe acid reflux and/or GERD, you may find yourself under extreme strain. Dealing with a fussy baby, or an infant who seems to be crying inconsolably can make even the most loving parent very frustrated.

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID). These disorders occur when there is no structural abnormality but rather a problem in signaling between the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This miscommunication can cause various GI-related symptoms. CVS is sudden, repeated attacks (often called episodes) of severe nausea and vomiting. CVS has a

An upper gastrointestinal (UGI) study, also called a UGI series, is when X-rays are used to look at the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. A simple UGI study examines the esophagus, stomach, and the beginning of the small intestine. A UGI study with a “small bowel follow-through” or “small bowel series” evaluates the esophagus, stomach, and the

Students may need tailored support to help them manage their symptoms while at school
and reduce absenteeism.

La cholestase néonatale est une affection du nourrisson dans laquelle l’écoulement de la bile à partir du foie est perturbé. La bile est un liquide vert foncé à brun jaunâtre produit par les cellules du foie. La bile s’écoule du foie dans les canaux biliaires et dans l’intestin pour faciliter la digestion. La bile est

An upper gastrointestinal (UGI) study, also called a UGI series, is when X-rays are used to look at the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. A simple UGI study examines the esophagus, stomach, and the beginning of the small intestine. A UGI study with a “small bowel follow-through” or “small bowel series” evaluates the esophagus, stomach, and the

Download the Bowel Management Record – EnglishDownload the Bowel Management Record – SpanishDownload the Bowel Management Record – French

Qu’est-ce que la gastroparésie ? La gastroparésie affecte la façon dont l’estomac évacue les aliments dans l’intestin grêle après les repas. En ce cas, les aliments sortent très lentement de l’estomac pour aller dans l’intestin. Cela peut engendrer des symptômes gênants tels que des nausées, des vomissements, une sensation de satiété très rapide, des douleurs

Biliary Atresia (BA) is an inflammatory process of unknown cause that affects the bile ducts (the tubes that carry digestive juices from the liver to the intestine. Bile ducts are part of the “plumbing system” (or the network of tubes and passageways) that carry bile from the liver to the small intestine to help us

Successful treatment of many GI conditions requires addressing stress, even if the stress was not present before the GI symptoms started. CBT teaches strategies for better managing stress.

Une étude des marqueurs Sitz est un moyen efficace d’évaluer une constipation chronique.

A Capsule endoscopy is a simple test which your doctor will consider doing to look for bleeding or other conditions occurring in a part of the small intestine that cannot be investigated with a standard endoscope. Learn more about capsule endoscopy in children by downloading these educational materials.

Failure to Thrive is a term used to describe children who don’t meet expected growth targets. Often, children are not receiving enough calories or are able to process the calories they are receiving properly.

Gilbert’s syndrome is a genetic condition in which the liver is slow to clear bilirubin from the body.

Le régime FODMAP est un processus de planification et d’apprentissage de la nutrition en plusieurs étapes qui peut aider les personnes atteintes du syndrome de l’intestin irritable (SII). Une famille peut se faire aider par un(e) diététiste pédiatrique diplômé(e). Découvrez les aliments FODMAP qui peuvent déclencher les symptômes du SII. Les déclencheurs alimentaires sont différents

Sharing many symptoms with the more commonly known GERD, Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has only recently been identified as a disease. Fortunately, many new options are emerging to treat and manage EoE.

These resources are not intended to replace medical advice but can be brought to your appointments to help explain or to help you ask questions.

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a group of rare genetic diseases in which the flow of bile from the liver is disrupted.

NEW CONTENT! FPIES (Food protein-induced enterocolitis) is a food allergy that mostly affects infants and young children. FPIES typically occurs in the first year of life. Symptoms are primarily gastrointestinal, including repetitive vomiting and sometimes diarrhea. View and download our information sheet here! Also available in French and Spanish.

A capsule endoscopy allows doctors to examine the small intestine by using a tiny pill-sized video camera.

El dolor abdominal funcional se refiere a los dolores estomacales, usualmente alrededor del ombligo y ocurren comúnmente en los niños en edad escolar. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los niños sanos que se quejan constantemente de dolores estomacales por dos meses o más, tienen dolor abdominal funcional. El término “funcional” indica que no hay ningún

La mucoviscidose est une maladie courante causée par des mutations génétiques du gène du régulateur de conductance transmembranaire de la mucoviscidose (CFTR). Le gène CFTR crée la protéine qui intervient dans la production de la sueur, des liquides digestifs et du mucus, dans le but de maintenir un équilibre entre l’eau et le sel dans

Acute infectious gastroenteritis is a major cause of largely preventable child morbidity and mortality worldwide.

Download Toilet Training Tips – English Download Toilet Training Tips – Spanish Download Toilet Training Tips – French  18 months Begin identifying toileting with appropriate words: “poop,”“pee,”“potty,” or whatever words you determine fit your family. Make diaper-changing a pleasant experience. Encourage your child to come to you when the diaper is wet or soiled—this will

Failure to Thrive is a term used to describe children who don’t meet expected growth targets. Often, children are not receiving enough calories or are able to process the calories they are receiving properly.

Coping with restricted diets can be difficult for anyone—especially a child. If your child seems to be having trouble dealing with the treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis, you can be a great source of comfort and help.

¿Qué es un trasplante de intestino delgado? Un trasplante de intestino delgado es una cirugía que se realiza cuando el intestino delgado deja de funcionar correctamente, poniendo seriamente en peligro la vida de una persona. Los cirujanos reemplazan las partes faltantes o dañadas del intestino con partes de intestino sano de otra persona. Esto incluye

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a group of rare genetic diseases in which the flow of bile from the liver is disrupted.

Anorectal manometry (often called “ARM”) is a test to gather information about your child’s condition. It is not a treatment or intervention. This test studies the nerves and muscles of the anus and rectum by measuring pressure and sensation. This is done with a small tube (catheter) and balloon attached to a computer that records the information.

Un estudio de marcador de Sitz es una manera útil de evaluar el estreñimiento crónico.

Reflux occurs during or after a meal when the stomach contents go back up into the esophagus (the tube connecting the mouth to the stomach).

What is functional abdominal pain? Functional abdominal pain refers to stomach aches, usually around the belly button, that commonly occur in school-age children. Most otherwise healthy children who repeatedly complain of stomach aches for two months or longer have functional abdominal pain.  Learn more here, also available in French and Spanish!

Rumination disorder is when your child automatically regurgitates food and/or liquids, often very soon after eating or drinking (usually within 30–60 minutes).

Moving to adult IBD care?
See how easy it is to find your adult doctor and prepare for your appointment with the Doc4me app.

A FODMAP diet is a multi-step nutrition planning and learning process that can help people diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A registered pediatric dietitian can help families: Learn about FODMAP foods that may trigger IBS symptoms. Food triggers are different for every person. Test whether avoiding certain FODMAP foods improves IBS symptoms. This is

Chronic Pancreatitis occurs when there are changes, such as scarring, in the pancreas. It often results from repeated attacks of acute pancreatitis, which leads to damage and scarring to the organ.

We are excited to announce the launch of our new and improved Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) information on the GIKids.org website! This project was a labor of love started a year ago by the NASPGHAN IBD Committee. This initiative was led by Brad Pasternak, MD and overseen by Jeremy Adler, MD. We want to extend

Gastroschisis is a birth defect that creates an opening in the abdominal wall, allowing the intestines to protrude outside of the abdomen.

How common is omphalocele?   A defect or hole that forms when the wall of the middle abdomen is developing, this defect occurs in about 2 out of every 10,000 live births and allows a developing baby’s organs to come outside the abdominal cavity.  Learn more here.

The gastrointestinal (GI) system consists of the GI tract and GI glands. The GI tract is essentially a tube that processes the food and liquids we ingest. It is divided into different parts, beginning in the mouth, followed by the esophagus (food pipe), stomach, small intestine (small bowel), and large intestine (colon or large bowel),

When these antibiotics fail and the C. diff diarrhea keeps coming back, Fecal Microbiota Transplant may be used.

Yoga originated in ancient India as a spiritual practice and is used worldwide today for exercise and well-being.

Los pólipos son crecimientos del tejido que se extiende fuera del revestimiento del sistema gastrointestinal.

Fundoplication is a type of surgery to stop stomach contents from moving up into the food pipe (esophagus) by reinforcing the “valve” between the lower esophagus and stomach.

Qu’est-ce que le trouble de la rumination ? On parle de trouble de la rumination lorsque votre enfant régurgite automatiquement des aliments et/ou des liquides, souvent très peu de temps après avoir mangé ou bu (généralement dans les 30 à 60 minutes). Les aliments et/ou les liquides régurgités sont soit ré-avalés, soit recrachés. Le trouble

Lactose intolerance is a fairly common condition. Although it can occur at any age, lactose intolerance typically starts in school age children or during the teenage years.

When these antibiotics fail and the C. diff diarrhea keeps coming back, Fecal Microbiota Transplant may be used.

Lactose intolerance is a fairly common condition. Although it can occur at any age, lactose intolerance typically starts in school age children or during the teenage years.

Reflux occurs during or after a meal when the stomach contents go back up into the esophagus (the tube connecting the mouth to the stomach).

A Capsule endoscopy is a simple test which your doctor will consider doing to look for bleeding or other conditions occurring in a part of the small intestine that cannot be investigated with a standard endoscope. Learn more about capsule endoscopy in children by downloading these educational materials.

Two new topical sheets are available for you – acute and chronic pancreatitis.  Learn the signs, symptoms and treatments of both acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis.

About GIKids GIKids is the patient outreach and education effort of NASPGHAN – the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition – an organization of more than 2600 pediatric gastroenterologists, predominantly in 46 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Mexico and 8 provinces in Canada. With GIKids, NASPGHAN and their foundation are

Yoga originated in ancient India as a spiritual practice and is used worldwide today for exercise and well-being.

Une intolérance alimentaire est une réaction à certains ingrédients (comme le gluten ou le sucre) présents dans les aliments. Une intolérance alimentaire n’est pas une allergie alimentaire. Une allergie alimentaire se produit lorsqu’un composant alimentaire (généralement une protéine) provoque une réaction du système immunitaire, entraînant des symptômes tels que de l’urticaire, une respiration sifflante, de

Una intolerancia alimentaria es una reacción a ciertos ingredientes (como el gluten o el azúcar) que se encuentran en los alimentos. Las intolerancias alimentarias no son alergias alimentarias. Las alergias a los alimentos se producen cuando un componente de los alimentos (generalmente una proteína) hace que el sistema inmunológico reaccione y provoque síntomas como urticaria,

La fibrosis quística (FQ) es una afección común causada por mutaciones genéticas en el gen regulador de la conductancia transmembrana de la fibrosis quística (CFTR). El gen CFTR crea la proteína involucrada en la producción del sudor, los fluidos digestivos y la mucosidad, con el fin de mantener el equilibrio de agua y sal en

When these antibiotics fail and the C. diff diarrhea keeps coming back, Fecal Microbiota Transplant may be used.

As a teenager, you will be expected to begin taking more and more responsibility for your own care and gradually moving from dependence on your parents and caregivers to independently managing your disease.

Do I Have GERD? Acid reflux (also called gastroesophageal reflux or GER) occurs when stomach contents go up into the esophagus during or after a meal.

Too little sleep can make our bodies sick and can make it difficult to learn and grow.

It’s never easy to learn that you have an illness. Once you find out that you have acid reflux disease or GERD, you might feel afraid, sad, nervous, or just “different.” These feelings are completely normal. But let your doctor or parents know if you begin to experience any of these things:

La dieta FODMAP es un plan nutricional y un proceso de aprendizaje de varios pasos que puede ayudar a las personas diagnosticadas con el síndrome del intestino irritable (SII). Un dietista pediátrico certificado puede ayudar a las familias en lo siguiente: Aprender acerca de los alimentos FODMAP que pueden desencadenar los síntomas del SII. Los

Cystic fibrosis can cause a variety of problems that impact the health of a child’s lungs and a child’s ability to gain adequate nutrition.

Gilbert’s syndrome is a genetic condition in which the liver is slow to clear bilirubin from the body.

Download Transition – English Download Transition- Spanish Download Transition – French As adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) grow older, they will eventually need to transition from a  pediatric to an adult specialist. This transition can be challenging if young adults are not prepared to take responsibility for their healthcare. Even young adults who choose

Un estudio gastrointestinal superior (GI superior), también llamado serie gastrointestinal superior, es un estudio en el cual se utilizan rayos X para observar el tracto gastrointestinal (GI). Un estudio GI superior sencillo, examina el esófago, el estómago y el principio del intestino delgado. Un estudio GI superior con un “seguimiento del intestino delgado” o “serie

Pediatric gastroenterologists are specially trained to diagnose and treat diseases of a child’s intestinal system as well as diseases of the liver and pancreas. Pediatric gastroenterologists can perform diagnostic tests of a child’s digestive system. Special instruments, such as endoscopes, which are flexible tubes with cameras at the tip, are used to examine the inside

Esophageal manometry is a diagnostic test of the nerves and muscles in the esophagus (feeding pipe). The test uses a thin flexible plastic catheter (tube) inserted through the nostril, into the esophagus, and ending in the stomach. Sensors on the catheter measure how the muscles of the esophagus squeeze and relax, and the information is recorded to a computer.

If your baby is growing properly and has a generally good disposition, then infant acid reflux is not a problem.

If, however, you have a fussy baby who is showing symptoms of pediatric GERD, such as poor feeding, vomiting, irritability, and breathing problems, consult your pediatrician as soon as possible. In many instances, simple lifestyle changes can alleviate GERD and turn a fussy baby into a very content child. Medication may also be an option in certain cases.

The important thing to realize is that with treatment, severe reflux and GERD can improve. A pediatrician or a pediatric gastroenterologist can help your child, and can offer you strategies for coping with GERD. Once your baby’s GERD is under control, he or she should enjoy a happy, healthy childhood.

Quick Facts about Reflux and GERD in Infants
The majority of infants do not experience problems from reflux
More than 50% of babies spit up regularly in the first months of life
Reflux usually peaks at 4 months and stops by 12 – 18 months
Spitting up crosses the line into GERD when the infant begins to show symptoms including refusal to feed, poor weight gain, breathing problems and others.
Learn more about the symptoms and diagnosis of reflux and GERD in infants.

Chronic Pancreatitis occurs when there are changes, such as scarring, in the pancreas. It often results from repeated attacks of acute pancreatitis, which leads to damage and scarring to the organ.

Acupuncture is a traditional form of Chinese medicine that uses fine needles inserted into the skin to help the body heal.

Cystic fibrosis can cause a variety of problems that impact the health of a child’s lungs and a child’s ability to gain adequate nutrition.

Learn what to do if your child has swallowed a High-Powered magnet, and how to prevent ingestions here.

GIKids provides children and families with resources and easy-to-understand information on the diagnosis and management of pediatric digestive disorders. Search Digestive Topics Search for: Welcome to GIKids Children’s Digestive Health Information for Kids and Parents Millions of children are living with pediatric digestive and nutritional disorders. GIKids provides easy to understand information about the treatment

Does My Child Have Eosinophilic Esophagitis? Eosinophilic Esophagitis has only recently been identified as a disease, and many of its symptoms—particularly in children—mimic the symptoms of GERD.

The exact cause of HSP is not known, but HSP often occurs after an infection, including strep throat or viruses like the common cold or flu. Not all people who have a viral infection will develop HSP.

Cystic fibrosis can cause a variety of problems that impact the health of a child’s lungs and a child’s ability to gain adequate nutrition.

A child can begin to show symptoms of celiac disease any time after they begin to eat foods with gluten. Symptoms vary from child to child, with some children showing no symptoms at all.

What is Progressive Muscle Relaxation? Progressive Muscle Relaxation, also called PMR, is a mind-body technique that teaches you to relax your body and autonomic nervous system by focusing on relaxing specific muscles. PMR has two steps: one, actively tightening muscles to create tension, then two, releasing the tension and noticing the muscles relax. For example,

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a common condition caused by genetic mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The CFTR gene creates the protein involved in the production of sweat, digestive fluids, and mucus with the goal of maintaining a balance of water and salt in cells. With cystic fibrosis, the CFTR protein

Acute infectious gastroenteritis is a major cause of largely preventable child morbidity and mortality worldwide.

Failure to Thrive is a term used to describe children who don’t meet expected growth targets. Often, children are not receiving enough calories or are able to process the calories they are receiving properly.

Wilson’s disease is a rare, inherited disorder caused by the inability of the body to properly excrete copper.

Gastroschisis is a birth defect that creates an opening in the abdominal wall, allowing the intestines to protrude outside of the abdomen.

A Guardian’s Guide to Esophageal Atresia

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) or simply “steatotic liver disease” is a problem caused when too much fat stays in the liver.

A triple endoscopy allows doctors to look at the throat, voice box, airways, and upper gastrointestinal tract at the same time.

Are you concerned that your child is overweight? Has your doctor told you that your child should lose weight? Download the GIKids Fact Sheet My Child is Overweight to learn about dietary trouble spots and how you can help your child lose weight.

Diaphragmatic (or abdominal) breathing is a technique that uses the diaphragm muscle to take a deep breath. Diaphragmatic breathing is sometimes also referred to as “deep,” “relaxed,” or “belly” breathing.

Proper nutrition is particularly important for children since they are developing life-long patterns and habits that will be very difficult to break later.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) or simply “steatotic liver disease” is a problem caused when too much fat stays in the liver.

Qu’est-ce la relaxation musculaire progressive ? La relaxation musculaire progressive (RMP) est une technique corps-esprit qui vous apprend à détendre votre corps en vous concentrant sur des muscles spécifiques. La RMP se déroule en deux étapes : 1) tendre activement les muscles pour créer une tension, et 2) relâcher la tension et constater que les muscles

¿Qué es el síndrome de rumiación? El síndrome de rumiación se produce cuando su hijo regurgita automáticamente alimentos y/o líquidos, con frecuencia, muy poco tiempo después de comerlos o beberlos (normalmente entre 30–60 minutos). Los alimentos y/o líquidos regurgitados se vuelven a deglutir o se escupen. El síndrome de rumiación puede aparecer de forma diferente

Clinical hypnosis is a research-proven medical treatment used for many years. It relies on a deeply focused mental state, which helps open people’s minds to helpful ideas and suggestions.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is applied to a number of conditions when there is too much fat in the liver.

Although celiac disease is a manageable condition, it is a chronic disease, and patients need to adjust their lifestyle significantly and permanently if they are to remain healthy.

Rare earth magnets are made from neodymium and are extremely powerful, enough to attract each other from a significant distance. Many of these high-powered magnets are shaped into 5mm round balls and look like BB’s or ball bearings. They are sold in sets as “adult desk toys” or in older children’s building sets. Toddlers often

Treatment and Management of Reflux & GERD in Infants. Lifestyle adjustments can be extremely effective in reducing acid reflux and treating GERD in babies.

Omphalocele is a defect or hole that forms when the wall of the middle abdomen is developing. This defect allows a developing baby’s organs to come outside the abdominal cavity.

Are you concerned that your child is overweight? Has your doctor told you that your child should lose weight? Download the GIKids Fact Sheet My Child is Overweight to learn about dietary trouble spots and how you can help your child lose weight.

Blenderized tube feeding (BTF), is whole or pureed foods that are blended and delivered through a feeding tube.

Acute infectious gastroenteritis is a major cause of largely preventable child morbidity and mortality worldwide.

Are you concerned that your child is overweight? Has your doctor told you that your child should lose weight? Download the GIKids Fact Sheet My Child is Overweight to learn about dietary trouble spots and how you can help your child lose weight.

Webinar on COVID-19 and Pediatric Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis developed by the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation in collaboration with NASPGHAN and Improve Care Now.

A gastrostomy tube, also known as a “G-tube”, is a tube that is inserted through the abdomen and delivers nutrition directly into the stomach.

Who needs a gastrostomy tube?  Some children have medical problems that make it difficult for them to take in enough nutrition by mouth. There are different health reasons why a child might need a G-tube.  Visit Gastrostomy Tubes to learn more.

Chronic Pancreatitis occurs when there are changes, such as scarring, in the pancreas. It often results from repeated attacks of acute pancreatitis, which leads to damage and scarring to the organ.

If your child has been diagnosed with Celiac Disease, the challenges of a gluten-free diet can seem overwhelming at first. But there’s still plenty to eat and more options are available all the time. Download the GI Kids Gluten Free Diet Guide to learn more about starting a managing a gluten free diet for your

Moderated by Katie Sacra, GFPD Family Education and Engagement Liaison
 at The Global Foundation for Peroxisomal Disorders James Heubi, MD Professor of Pediatrics Director, Center for Clinical and Translational Research Associate Dean for Clinical and Translational Research University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH Learning objectives: To describe the

Too little sleep can make our bodies sick and can make it difficult to learn and grow.

Blenderized tube feeding (BTF), is whole or pureed foods that are blended and delivered through a feeding tube.

A hydrogen breath test can evaluate your child for carbohydrate malabsorption.

¿Qué es la relajación muscular progresiva?  La relajación muscular progresiva (RMP) es una técnica mental-corporal que enseña a relajar el cuerpo concentrándose en músculos específicos. La RMP consiste en dos pasos: 1) contraer activamente los músculos para crear tensión, y 2) liberar la tensión y notar la relajación de los músculos. Por ejemplo, tense los

A gastrostomy tube, also known as a “G-tube”, is a tube that is inserted through the abdomen and delivers nutrition directly into the stomach.

Transnasal endoscopy (TNE) allows doctors to look at the upper digestive tract without needing deep sedation or general anesthesia.

Food protein-induced enterocolitis (FPIES) is a food allergy that mostly affects infants and young children. FPIES typically occurs in the first year of life. Symptoms are primarily gastrointestinal, including repetitive vomiting and sometimes diarrhea. Symptoms such as paleness and lethargy (fatigue) also may occur. FPIES does not cause symptoms commonly associated with other allergies (rash,

Celiac disease is a chronic condition affecting the small intestine, and is a permanent sensitivity to gluten – a protein found in wheat, rye and barley. To learn more about how celiac disease is diagnosed and treated in children, download the GIKids Fact Sheet on Celiac Disease.

Our newest GI Kids topic, Introducing Peanuts, discusses the risk factors for a peanut allergy, the timing for introduction of peanuts and the common signs of a reaction.  Available in French and Spanish as well.

Acupuncture is a traditional form of Chinese medicine that uses fine needles inserted into the skin to help the body heal.

Fundoplication is a type of surgery to stop stomach contents from moving up into the food pipe (esophagus) by reinforcing the “valve” between the lower esophagus and stomach.

Wilson’s disease is a rare, inherited disorder caused by the inability of the body to properly excrete copper.

Clinical hypnosis is a research-proven medical treatment used for many years. It relies on a deeply focused mental state, which helps open people’s minds to helpful ideas and suggestions.

Gilbert’s syndrome is a genetic condition in which the liver is slow to clear bilirubin from the body.

A pH probe study is a test that measures if acid is coming up from the stomach into the esophagus, done when a doctor suspects a child has GERD.

Le pancréas est un organe situé dans la partie supérieure de l’abdomen, derrière l’estomac. Il contient des glandes et des canaux. Les glandes fabriquent des enzymes et des hormones importantes, qui circulent dans les canaux et sont déversées directement dans les vaisseaux sanguins ou dans les intestins. Le pancréas a deux fonctions très importantes. Premièrement,

An abdominal ultrasound is a non-invasive test that uses sound waves to take images inside the body. An abdominal ultrasound can examine the liver, spleen, appendix, pancreas, gallbladder, kidneys, bladder, intestines, and/or stomach. An abdominal ultrasound is safe and painless. It does not require your child to receive any sedation or radiation. Based on your

Transnasal endoscopy (TNE) allows doctors to look at the upper digestive tract without needing deep sedation or general anesthesia.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is applied to a number of conditions when there is too much fat in the liver.

Enteral nutrition or tube feeding is when a tube is used to provide liquid formula for some or all of your child’s nutrition. It also can be used to provide fluids and medications.

A liver biopsy is when a small sample of tissue is collected from the liver.

Successful treatment of many GI conditions requires addressing stress, even if the stress was not present before the GI symptoms started. CBT teaches strategies for better managing stress.

Does My Baby Have GERD? If your baby is spitting up, but otherwise seems content and healthy, you probably don’t need to worry about GERD. But if your baby is fussy, failing to gain weight, or showing other signs and symptoms of GERD, consult your pediatrician.

What is ARFID? ARFID is a mental health diagnosis that stands for Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder. People who have ARFID don’t eat enough food or enough different kinds of food to keep their body healthy and growing. ARFID is different than picky eating because it is more intense and usually lasts longer. People with ARFID

If you’re a kid or teen who just found out that you have GERD, you might wondering about what changes you’ll need to make in your life. There are a lot of new rules about what you’re not supposed to eat, and maybe you need to take medication. Maybe you just feel different.

Los imanes de tierras raras están hechos de neodimio y son extremadamente potentes, lo suficiente como para atraerse entre sí desde una distancia considerable. Muchos de estos imanes de alta potencia tienen la forma de bolas redondas de 5 mm y parecen balines o rodamientos de bolas. Se venden en conjuntos como “juguetes de escritorio

A liver biopsy is when a small sample of tissue is collected from the liver.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) or simply “steatotic liver disease” is a problem caused when too much fat stays in the liver.

Blending the art of food and cooking with the science of medicine, this new NASPGHAN webinar series brings you live interactive educational webinars that highlight the importance of food and diet within a patient’s health plan, and how to use culinary medicine tailored to specific GI diseases and symptoms. Each session will feature speakers comprised

For the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) community, clinical research helps us better understand what the risk factors may be for developing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, how to better use existing treatments available to patients, as well as test new treatment ideas for safety and efficacy, among others. These materials have been developed to help

Le syndrome d’entérocolite induit par les protéines alimentaires (SEIPA) est  une allergie alimentaire qui touche principalement les nourrissons et les jeunes enfants. Le SEIPA se manifeste généralement au cours de la première année de vie. Il affecte principalement le système gastrointestinal, causant notamment des vomissements répétitifs et parfois de la diarrhée. D’autres symptômes incluent la

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is applied to a number of conditions when there is too much fat in the liver.

Total parenteral nutrition is an intravenous liquid mixture that provides nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract.

The immune system consists of cells in the body that help protect from infection. Your child’s immune system protects your child from infections by attacking bacteria or viruses that cause illness.  Food allergy happens when the immune system causes the body to develop a reaction to a specific food or food component (such proteins in

Blenderized Tube Feeding November 20, 2024 8PM ET Blending the art of food and cooking with the science of medicine, this new NASPGHAN webinar series brings you live interactive educational webinars that highlight the importance of food and diet within a patient’s health plan, and how to use culinary medicine tailored to specific GI diseases

The exact cause of HSP is not known, but HSP often occurs after an infection, including strep throat or viruses like the common cold or flu. Not all people who have a viral infection will develop HSP.

Breastfeeding, also called nursing, is a way to feed a baby or a young child with milk from a woman’s breast. Breastfeeding can begin right after birth and can continue for as long as the mother and child are comfortable. There are many benefits of breastfeeding for both the mother and baby. Breastfeeding can strengthen

In children, disaccharidase deficiencies are relatively common. While the exact numbers are unclear, disaccharidase deficiencies may account for up to 50% of patients with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms.

Successful treatment of many GI conditions requires addressing stress, even if the stress was not present before the GI symptoms started. CBT teaches strategies for better managing stress.

Wilson’s disease is a rare, inherited disorder caused by the inability of the body to properly excrete copper.

What is ARFID? ARFID is a mental health diagnosis that stands for Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder. People who have ARFID don’t eat enough food or enough different kinds of food to keep their body healthy and growing. ARFID is different than picky eating because it is more intense and usually lasts longer. People with ARFID

A hydrogen breath test can evaluate your child for carbohydrate malabsorption.

Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common food allergy in babies. CMPA occurs when the body’s immune system abnormally reacts to a protein in the milk of cows and some other animals. It usually occurs in babies younger than 1 year of age. The immune system normally protects our bodies from harmful pathogens

Liver transplantation is an operation that is done when a person’s liver is no longer functioning to the point where it is life threatening.

NASPGHAN is proud to participate in the first official World EoE Day, a global awareness day dedicated to shining a light on Eosinophilic Esophagitis. We invite you to visit NASPGHAN’s YouTube site to view our two new EoE videos, Teen’s Story: Having Trouble Swallowing and My Child Chokes and Gags While They Eat.

Practical Tips in the Nutritional Management of Children with Cholestatic Liver Disorders A Webinar for Patients, Families and Caregivers December 8, 2021 8PM ET Supported by educational grants from Mirum Pharmaceuticals and Albireo Pharma, Inc. Please note, credit is not being offered for this webinar. View on demand Join us  as we explore practical approaches

In children, disaccharidase deficiencies are relatively common. While the exact numbers are unclear, disaccharidase deficiencies may account for up to 50% of patients with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms.

Hepatitis C is a virus that can infect humans and cause disease. It is spread through contact with infected blood.  Hepatitis C infection can cause a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a much more serious illness that may lead to lifelong disease. 

Blenderized tube feeding (BTF), is whole or pureed foods that are blended and delivered through a feeding tube.

Los niños con autismo pueden presentarse con retos nutricionales únicos y se ha descrito deficiencias nutricionales en niños con desórdenes del espectro autista (abreviados ASDs en inglés). Además de las deficiencias nutricionales, la obesidad que ocurre con los ASDs también ha sido bien descrita. Como resultado, el mantenimiento rutinario de la salud con su médico

If your child has been diagnosed with celiac disease, here’s the good news: it’s a highly manageable condition. Once gluten is removed from your child’s diet, you can expect to see improvement in as soon as one or two weeks.

Les aimants en terre rare sont fabriqués à partir de néodyme et sont extrêmement puissants, suffisamment pour s’attirer l’un l’autre à une distance importante. Beaucoup de ces aimants puissants ont la forme de billes de 5 mm de diamètre et ressemblent à des balles BB ou à des roulements à billes. Ils sont vendus par

In children, disaccharidase deficiencies are relatively common. While the exact numbers are unclear, disaccharidase deficiencies may account for up to 50% of patients with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms.

If your child has been diagnosed recently with celiac disease (CD), you may be experiencing mixed emotions. Our resources can help.

The exact cause of HSP is not known, but HSP often occurs after an infection, including strep throat or viruses like the common cold or flu. Not all people who have a viral infection will develop HSP.

Each year, more than 3,500 children suffer serious injuries from button battery ingestion around the world. As pediatric gastroenterologists, we know that these small batteries, found in everyday household items, can cause life-threatening damage within hours if swallowed. June 12 is International Button Battery Awareness Day – and NASPGHAN is joining FISPGHAN in spreading awareness

El páncreas es un órgano ubicado en la parte superior del abdomen, detrás del estómago. El páncreas contiene glándulas y conductos. Las glándulas producen enzimas y hormonas importantes, que viajan a través de los conductos y se liberan directamente al torrente sanguíneo o a los intestinos. El páncreas tiene dos funciones importantes. Primero, produce enzimas

The pancreas is an organ located in the upper abdomen, behind the stomach. The pancreas contains glands and ducts. The glands make important enzymes and hormones, which travel through the ducts and are released directly into the bloodstream or into the intestines. The pancreas has two important jobs. First, it produces enzymes that help digest

Hepatitis C is a virus that can infect humans and cause disease. It is spread through contact with infected blood.  Hepatitis C infection can cause a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a much more serious illness that may lead to lifelong disease. 

Diaphragmatic (or abdominal) breathing is a technique that uses the diaphragm muscle to take a deep breath. Diaphragmatic breathing is sometimes also referred to as “deep,” “relaxed,” or “belly” breathing.

Le déficit en alpha-1-antitrypsine (AAT) est une maladie héréditaire (génétique). Chez un patient atteint de cette maladie, le foie ne libère pas suffisamment de protéine AAT dans le sang. Cette maladie est assez fréquente, avec une personne atteinte sur 1500 à 2500 personnes. Le déficit en AAT est causé par des modifications (appelées variantes) d’un

Diaphragmatic (or abdominal) breathing is a technique that uses the diaphragm muscle to take a deep breath. Diaphragmatic breathing is sometimes also referred to as “deep,” “relaxed,” or “belly” breathing.

A gastrostomy tube, also known as a “G-tube”, is a tube that is inserted through the abdomen and delivers nutrition directly into the stomach.

If you are one of the millions of kids with GERD, you’ll be glad to know that there are many effective ways to treat and manage your condition. In fact, lots of kids with GERD find that they don’t need to rely on medication once they make certain changes to their diet and lifestyle.

Biofeedback is a  technique  that  teaches  people  how to change their body’s activities to improve physical symptoms of pain and overall health.

Applying Culinary Medicine in Pediatric GI Disorders Blending the art of food and cooking with the science of medicine, this new NASPGHAN webinar series brings you live interactive educational webinars that highlight the importance of food and diet within a patient’s health plan, and how to use culinary medicine tailored to specific GI diseases and

Qu’est-ce qu’une triple endoscopie ? Une triple endoscopie permet aux médecins d’examiner simultanément la gorge, la boîte vocale, les voies respiratoires et le tractus gastro-intestinal supérieur. Cela permet d’éviter des procédures distinctes qui exposeraient votre enfant à davantage d’anesthésiques (les médicaments utilisés pendant l’anesthésie). Une triple endoscopie peut aider à découvrir pourquoi votre enfant a

Omphalocele is a defect or hole that forms when the wall of the middle abdomen is developing. This defect allows a developing baby’s organs to come outside the abdominal cavity.

Hepatitis A is caused by a virus typically caught by close contact with an infected person via close contact with an infected person’s spit or feces route or by ingesting contaminated food or water. Over 6,000 cases per year are reported in the United States in 2017 per the United States Center for Disease Control.

Esophageal manometry is a diagnostic test of the nerves and muscles in the esophagus (feeding pipe). The test uses a thin flexible plastic catheter (tube) inserted through the nostril, into the esophagus, and ending in the stomach. Sensors on the catheter measure how the muscles of the esophagus squeeze and relax, and the information is recorded to a computer.

Nutrition and Liver Disease in Peroxisomal Biogenesis Disorders: Diagnosis and Management

Many kids have sensitivities to certain foods, and the majority are not severe. Celiac disease, however, is a serious condition caused by a permanent intolerance for gluten–a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. If your child has celiac disease, consuming gluten will cause damage to finger-like projections, called villi, in the lining of your

Qu’est-ce le TERCA ? Le TERCA est un diagnostic de santé mentale qui signifie trouble d’évitement/de restriction  de la consommation alimentaire. Les personnes atteintes de TERCA ne mangent pas assez de nourriture ou pas assez d’aliments différents pour maintenir leur corps en bonne santé et en pleine croissance. Le TERCA est différent de l’alimentation difficile parce

The most effective treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis involves changes to the child’s diet and nutrition. If your child is diagnosed with EoE, the doctor or medical team will work to identify which foods are causing the condition so that your child can avoid them.

La enterocolitis inducida por proteínas alimentarias (SEIPA) es una alergia alimentaria que afecta principalmente a bebés y niños pequeños. El SEIPA generalmente se presenta en el primer año de vida. Los síntomas son principalmente gastrointestinales, que incluyen vómitos repetidos y a veces diarrea. También pueden aparecer síntomas como palidez y letargo (fatiga). El SEIPA no

A pH impedance study (sometimes called esophageal impedance or pH impedance probe) is a diagnostic test used to gather information about your child’s condition. It is not a treatment or intervention. This test measures how often fluid comes up into your child’s food pipe, also called called the esophagus. The study also measures the pH

Transnasal endoscopy (TNE) allows doctors to look at the upper digestive tract without needing deep sedation or general anesthesia.

Fundoplication is a type of surgery to stop stomach contents from moving up into the food pipe (esophagus) by reinforcing the “valve” between the lower esophagus and stomach.

If you have any questions about your child’s medical condition, please contact your primary care physician or pediatrician, or use our Locate a Pediatric Gastroenterologist tool to find a doctor in your area. Please note: questions regarding medical conditions cannot be answered from inquiries submitted on this form. Mailing Address NASPGHAN 714 N. Bethlehem Pike,

Liver transplantation is an operation that is done when a person’s liver is no longer functioning to the point where it is life threatening.

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is an inherited (genetic) disease. In patients with the disease, their liver does not release enough AAT protein into the bloodstream. The disease is quite common, with 1 person affected in every 1,500 to 2,500 people. AAT deficiency is caused by changes (called variants) in a gene called SERPINA1. These gene

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that infects the stomach. The infection is very common throughout the world and in the United States. H. pylori is the most common cause for peptic ulcer disease (sores in the stomach and first part of the small intestine, which is called the duodenum). H. pylori can also

Enteral nutrition or tube feeding is when a tube is used to provide liquid formula for some or all of your child’s nutrition. It also can be used to provide fluids and medications.

Progressive Muscle Relaxation, also called PMR, is a mind-body technique that teaches you to relax your body and autonomic nervous system by focusing on relaxing specific muscles.  Learn more here.

A nasogastric (NG) tube is a long, thin, flexible tube that is inserted into one nostril and passed through the esophagus, with the tip ending in the stomach. An NG tube helps deliver nutrition and fluids to a child if they are unable to consume enough by mouth. NG tubes can be used to deliver

Enteral nutrition or tube feeding is when a tube is used to provide liquid formula for some or all of your child’s nutrition. It also can be used to provide fluids and medications.

¿Qué es el TERIA?  TERIA se refiere a un diagnóstico de salud mental que significa trastorno de evitación/restricción de la ingesta de alimentos. Las personas que padecen TERIA no comen suficientes alimentos o tipos diferentes de alimentos para mantener sus cuerpos saludables y en crecimiento. El TERIA es diferente de la alimentación selectiva (“picky eating”)

Watch our new video on the Treatment of EoE This video presents information about the current treatment options for Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). It does NOT address other types of food allergies or eosinophilic conditions beyond the esophagus. Always consult with your health care providers when making decisions about treatment.

L’échographie abdominale est un examen non invasif qui utilise des ondes sonores pour obtenir des images de l’intérieur du corps. Une échographie abdominale permet d’examiner le foie, la rate, l’appendice, le pancréas, la vésicule biliaire, les reins, la vessie, les intestins et l’estomac. L’échographie abdominale est sûre et indolore. Elle ne nécessite pas que votre

Blending the art of cooking with the science of medicine, this six-part webinar series offers live interactive educational seminars highlighting the importance of food and diet within a patient’s health plan, as well as instructions on using culinary medicine tailored to specific GI diseases and symptoms. Each episode pairs a physician and a registered dietitian,

Acupuncture is a traditional form of Chinese medicine that uses fine needles inserted into the skin to help the body heal.

Save the Date – September 16, 2020 8:00 pm Eastern Time Register Moderator: Sanjiv Harpavat, MD, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, TX Nutritional Support Shikha Sundaram, MD, University of Colorado School of Medicine. Aurora, CO Objectives: -Understand the pathophysiology of nutritional deficiencies in cholestatic liver disease. -Understand the approach to assessing nutritional status to inform

Hepatitis B is a virus that can infect humans and cause disease. It is spread through contact with blood or bodily fluids.

Un enfant autiste peut faire face à des défis nutritionnels uniques,car des carences nutritionnelles ont été signalées chez des enfants atteints de troubles du spectre autistique (TSA). Outre les carences nutritionnelles, il est bien documenté que l’enfant atteint de TSA risque de souffrir d’obésité. Par conséquent, des soins de santé réguliers prodigués par votre médecin

A triple endoscopy allows doctors to look at the throat, voice box, airways, and upper gastrointestinal tract at the same time.

Le système immunitaire du corps est constitué de cellules qui aident à protéger contre l’infection. Le système immunitaire de votre enfant le protège contre les infections en attaquant les bactéries ou les virus qui causent des maladies. Une allergie alimentaire se produit lorsque le système immunitaire cause le corps à développer une réaction à un

Hepatitis B is a virus that can infect humans and cause disease. It is spread through contact with blood or bodily fluids.

See our collection of resources for COVID-19 preparedness.

Total parenteral nutrition is an intravenous liquid mixture that provides nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract.

Total parenteral nutrition is an intravenous liquid mixture that provides nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract.

La deficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina (AAT) es una enfermedad hereditaria (genética). En los pacientes con esta enfermedad, el hígado no libera suficiente proteína AAT al torrente sanguíneo. La enfermedad es bastante común, 1 de cada 1,500 a 2,500 personas se ve afectada. La deficiencia de AAT es causada por cambios (o variantes) en un gen

Best protection against virus transmission: Wash your hands Don’t touch your face Practice good cough etiquette Enact Social distancing Avoid crowds

Omphalocele is a defect or hole that forms when the wall of the middle abdomen is developing. This defect allows a developing baby’s organs to come outside the abdominal cavity.

Une biopsie du foie consiste à prélever un petit échantillon du foie.

Un ultrasonido abdominal es una prueba no invasiva que utiliza ondas de sonido para tomar imágenes del interior del cuerpo. Un ultrasonido abdominal puede examinar el hígado, el bazo, el apéndice, el páncreas, la vesícula biliar, los riñones, la vejiga, los intestinos y el estómago.  Un ultrasonido abdominal es seguro y no es doloroso. No

December 11, 2004 8PM ET REGISTER HERE Blending the art of food and cooking with the science of medicine, we’re excited to bring you interactive educational webinars that highlight the importance of food and diet within a patient’s health plan, and how to use culinary medicine tailored to specific GI diseases and symptoms. The third

Children with autism can have unique nutritional challenges. Further, nutritional deficiencies have been described in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Children with autism may not eat enough, which can sometimes lead to calorie, vitamin, and mineral deficiencies. Children with autism may also overeat, or eat “junk food”, which can lead them to become overweight

A hydrogen breath test can evaluate your child for carbohydrate malabsorption.

Une sonde nasogastrique est un tube long, fin et flexible qui est inséré dans une narine et passé au travers de l’œsophage, l’extrémité se terminant dans l’estomac. Une sonde nasogastrique permet d’administrer des aliments et des liquides à un enfant qui ne peut pas en consommer suffisamment par la bouche. Elle peut être utilisée pour

Do you struggle with preparing healthy & enjoyable lunches for your child with GERD? We have you covered with 5 days of lunch options developed by our dietitian to make your mornings easier. For more information on GERD

February 26, 2025 * 8PM ET REGISTER TODAY The fourth webinar in the Culinary Medicine series will discuss a common problem in pediatric gastroenterology – milk protein allergy and lactose intolerance. The first segment of the live webinar will offer a medical presentation that will define and discuss the differences in diagnoses, followed by a

Une biopsie du foie consiste à prélever un petit échantillon du foie.

Liver transplantation is an operation that is done when a person’s liver is no longer functioning to the point where it is life threatening.

Hepatitis C is a virus that can infect humans and cause disease. It is spread through contact with infected blood.  Hepatitis C infection can cause a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a much more serious illness that may lead to lifelong disease. 

The FDA announced on February 17, 2022, that they are investigating an outbreak of Cronobacter sakazakii and Salmonella Newport infections in 4 infants across 3 states.

Autoimmune hepatitis occurs when the body’s immune system attacks the liver. This causes inflammation in the liver, leading to swelling of the liver tissue and damage to liver cells. There are two major forms of autoimmune hepatitis. Type 1, the more common form, tends to affect older children and adults. Type 2 is less common

L’hépatite auto-immune se produit lorsque le système immunitaire de l’organisme attaque le foie. Cela provoque une inflammation du foie, entraînant un enflement du tissu hépatique et des lésions des cellules hépatiques. Il existe deux formes majeures d’hépatite auto-immune. Le type 1, la forme la plus courante, tend à atteindre les enfants plus âgés et les

La hepatitis autoinmune se produce cuando el sistema inmunológico del organismo ataca al hígado. Esto causa inflamación en el hígado, lo cual provoca inflamación en el tejido hepático y daño a las células hepáticas. Existen dos clases principales de hepatitis autoinmune. El tipo 1, es la clase más común, y tiende a afectar a los

A comprehensive list of videos for understanding pediatric GI Health

Diminution du risque d’allergie aux cacahuètes par une exposition précoce aux aliments contenant des cacahuètes Un nourrisson âgé de 4 à 6 mois est prêt à manger des aliments complémentaires. Les indices suivants montrent que votre bébé est prêt à se développer : il peut lever la tête et s’asseoir avec un peu de soutien

At any age, your child may need some help gaining weight. This can be done by adding calories to your child’s diet. A nutrition plan is typically developed with a healthcare team based on your child’s specific needs.

Reducing risk of peanut allergy through early introduction of peanut-containing foods At around 4–6 months, children are developmentally ready to start complementary feeds. Signs that your baby is developmentally ready include the following: Your baby can hold their head up steadily and sit with some support Your baby shows interest in foods others are eating

The table below provides categories of formulas for premature and term infants. Formulas within each category are comparable and safe to substitute for each other, in case of shortages. Any substitution should only be done under the recommendation and supervision of a healthcare professional. Please be aware that formula mixing instructions, including proper ratios of

Una sonda nasogástrica (NG) es una sonda larga, delgada y flexible que se inserta en una de las fosas nasales y se pasa a través del esófago, con la punta terminando en el estómago. Una sonda nasogástrica ayuda a suministrar nutrición y líquidos a un niño si no puede consumir lo suficiente por vía oral.

Una sonda nasogástrica (NG) es una sonda larga, delgada y flexible que se inserta en una de las fosas nasales y se pasa a través del esófago, con la punta terminando en el estómago. Una sonda nasogástrica ayuda a suministrar nutrición y líquidos a un niño si no puede consumir lo suficiente por vía oral.

Hepatitis B is a virus that can infect humans and cause disease. It is spread through contact with blood or bodily fluids.

Reduciendo el riesgo de alergia al maní (cacahuate) mediante la introducción temprana de alimentos que contienen maní Alrededor de los 4-6 meses, los niños están listos para empezar la alimentación complementaria conforme a su desarrollo. Las señales que muestran que su bebé está listo en cuanto a su desarrollo, incluyen las siguientes: Su bebé puede

People consuming a vegetarian diet typically avoid eating meat, poultry, and fish and center their diet on plant-based foods.

Despite the increasing influence of friends, school, and advertising, there are many ways that parents and caregivers can support healthful eating.

Introducing your infant to complementary foods is an important milestone. At six months of age infants can begin to explore different tastes, textures, and types of food.

About 400–500 liver transplants (5%–8% of total liver transplants) are performed in children.  Learn why a child might need a liver transplant, how they are approved for the procedure, the risks, and life after transplant here.

At any age, your child may need some help gaining weight. This can be done by adding calories to your child’s diet. A nutrition plan is typically developed with a healthcare team based on your child’s specific needs.

Developing and maintaining healthy eating choices is a lifelong endeavor. Good nutrition habits that start when children are young will last a lifetime.

Developing and maintaining healthy eating choices is a lifelong endeavor. Good nutrition habits that start when children are young will last a lifetime.

People consuming a vegetarian diet typically avoid eating meat, poultry, and fish and center their diet on plant-based foods.

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À l’âge de six mois, les nourrissons peuvent commencer à explorer différents goûts, textures et types d’aliments.

At any age, your child may need some help gaining weight. This can be done by adding calories to your child’s diet. A nutrition plan is typically developed with a healthcare team based on your child’s specific needs.

People consuming a vegetarian diet typically avoid eating meat, poultry, and fish and center their diet on plant-based foods.

Developing and maintaining healthy eating choices is a lifelong endeavor. Good nutrition habits that start when children are young will last a lifetime.

A los seis meses de edad, los bebés pueden empezar a explorar diferentes tipos de sabores, texturas y alimentos.

Despite the increasing influence of friends, school, and advertising, there are many ways that parents and caregivers can support healthful eating.

Recent research shows that early introduction and regular consumption of peanuts and eggs decreases the risk of developing allergies to these foods.

Despite the increasing influence of friends, school, and advertising, there are many ways that parents and caregivers can support healthful eating.

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Recent research shows that early introduction and regular consumption of peanuts and eggs decreases the risk of developing allergies to these foods.

Recent research shows that early introduction and regular consumption of peanuts and eggs decreases the risk of developing allergies to these foods.